A survey of pretrial service programs in 171 participating jurisdictions has been published by the Pretrial Justice Institute. This survey examines the "general characteristics of pretrial services programs, such as jurisdictions and populations served; pretrial program practices such as investigation, risk assessment, initial court appearances and supervised pretrial release; the management and evaluation of these practices; and issues connected to jail crowding." 

Among the findings:

• 44% of pretrial programs established since 2000 serve areas that are considered primarily rural.
• Half of the pretrial programs started since 1990 are administratively housed within probation departments.
• Half of these probation-run programs have annual budgets of less than $200,000 and half have five or less staff persons.